-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thanks to Mike B., Pat C., and Julie Z. for all forwarding along the (virtually identical) responses they got from BirdLife on the controversial IBWO image commented upon in the prior post. I assume it will be ok to quote a bit of the response (from BirdLife) for clarity to everyone:
"...this is a painting, done in photoshop... it’s certainly not our intention to mislead people with this illustration. When printed or at a reasonable size this is obviously a painting. Perhaps the small size on the web site is less clear!"
I hope this satisfies everyone that there was no ill or surreptitious intent on the part of BirdLife in using the image to accompany their news release; at worst, just an unintentional lapse in judgment (and I'm not sure it was even that). I'm bettin' the BirdLife editor was a bit surprised by the mini-flurry of inquiries. Methinkest we're all a bit hyper (in different ways and directions) on the subject of the Ivory-bill ;-)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
==> THE blog devoted, since 2005, to news & commentary on the most iconic bird in American ornithology, the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (IBWO)... and sometimes other schtuff [contact: cyberthrush@gmail.com]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monday, August 24, 2009
Friday, August 21, 2009
-- BirdLife International --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
With the Cebu Flowerpecker (here and here) as a motivator, sounds like prestigious BirdLife International may take a more active role in the search for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (as well as other "lost" species). If any reader knows greater details of this endeavor love to hear of it (email or comment section)....
Bill Pulliam's experience continues here.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
With the Cebu Flowerpecker (here and here) as a motivator, sounds like prestigious BirdLife International may take a more active role in the search for the Ivory-billed Woodpecker (as well as other "lost" species). If any reader knows greater details of this endeavor love to hear of it (email or comment section)....
Bill Pulliam's experience continues here.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, August 18, 2009
-- Pics and Sound --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Fangsheath" over at IBWO Researchers Forum has located on the Web HERE over 100 photos from Tanner's original Singer Tract study as archived at the Louisiana Digital Library (a lot more photos than commonly found in most IBWO books or websites). While they don't add a great deal to our knowledge of Ivorybills or to the modern-day story, still another treasure-trove to hark one back to another time and place. Thanks for all your good work/research Fang!
And Bill Pulliam continues his chronicle of the search for the 'ghost bird' in Tennessee at his blog.
(I won't necessarily cite every posting Bill puts up, but his basic plan seems to be to post each Tue. and Fri., or thereabouts, at least through the end of this month, so be sure to follow along, with or without a link from here.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Fangsheath" over at IBWO Researchers Forum has located on the Web HERE over 100 photos from Tanner's original Singer Tract study as archived at the Louisiana Digital Library (a lot more photos than commonly found in most IBWO books or websites). While they don't add a great deal to our knowledge of Ivorybills or to the modern-day story, still another treasure-trove to hark one back to another time and place. Thanks for all your good work/research Fang!
And Bill Pulliam continues his chronicle of the search for the 'ghost bird' in Tennessee at his blog.
(I won't necessarily cite every posting Bill puts up, but his basic plan seems to be to post each Tue. and Fri., or thereabouts, at least through the end of this month, so be sure to follow along, with or without a link from here.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, August 14, 2009
-- "Too Much White..." --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill P. takes us into the weekend once again with his 2 most recent IBWO posts (yesterday and today) up at his blog:
http://bbill.blogspot.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill P. takes us into the weekend once again with his 2 most recent IBWO posts (yesterday and today) up at his blog:
http://bbill.blogspot.com
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
-- Scramblin' Bill --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill Pulliam's latest entry HERE recounting the pursuit of double-knocks in Tennessee.
I commend Bill for fleshing out in greater detail than others have done a bit of the ground search as it proceeded in his home state. Hmmm... anyone with the South Carolina team care to do the same??? ;-)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill Pulliam's latest entry HERE recounting the pursuit of double-knocks in Tennessee.
I commend Bill for fleshing out in greater detail than others have done a bit of the ground search as it proceeded in his home state. Hmmm... anyone with the South Carolina team care to do the same??? ;-)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Just For Fun and Diversion (OT) --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
.... a couple of things worth trying before summer is over:
... and, speaking of bubbles ;-)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.... a couple of things worth trying before summer is over:
... and, speaking of bubbles ;-)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sunday, August 09, 2009
-- Of Bubbles (...some musings) --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 years ago I mentioned to someone associated with the official Ivory-bill search the need to better address criticism/skepticism that was emanating over the Web; I thought it was having a growing impact on the birding community (and others), and that various critiques/speculations ought be directly confronted.
I was told that my concern was overblown and the Web had little impact on what people thought about the IBWO claims... was told that when search principals traveled around the country giving talks they were never asked about the sorts of issues being raised on the internet; that such skepticism was barely on the public radar, and would quickly fade away.... so I was informed 4 years ago.
That was when I first realized that Cornell and others were living in their own bubble, so non-cognizant were they of the impact the internet could (and would) have. To this day, I'm not sure but that many of those principals don't still reside in a bubble of their own making, little realizing the degree of disappointment, cynicism, even indignation, that permeates much of the larger birding and science community, over the results and poor communication across 4+ years of study. That doesn't mean that there aren't many in the birding/science community who don't still believe the IBWO does or could persist; it just means a large segment of the audience, who expected better, were left frustrated by some of those in charge who's own competency through this venture might now be questioned (p.s: none of this is meant to be critical of the many volunteers and ground people/technicians who put in countless hours of monumental work to fulfill procedures/protocols as formulated).
For Cornell, USFW, the Nature Conservancy, I don't know if they understand yet the box they've put themselves in: if the Ivory-bill is never found and conclusively documented, doubts about the integrity/wisdom of this entire enterprise will linger (for some) years into the future; and if the species is found and documented (by an independent) that may speak even louder volumes about the (in)adequacy of those who headed up this particular effort (one would like to think they were the 'best and the brightest' with the most resources, but perhaps not). They have plowed a deep trench to now try to dig out from... even if in the end the answer is simply that the bird is so rare, and traversing through such vast tracts of fragmented wilderness, that documenting it conclusively requires even more time and resources than available.
I still believe the Ivory-bill may yet be documented, but if it is, one wonders if the officials who headed up the last 4 years are up to the task of its further study, management, and conservation --- should the Ivory-bill ever be found it's tempting to ponder whether it might not be time to let one of the major international bird/conservation groups, who routinely tackle such endeavors, take over the process (although there's too much money and publicity at stake for those invested to ever hand-off the project to others). Or... maybe the principals did as good a job as was humanly possible... and the bird just ain't there. But someone still has to convince me of that.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 years ago I mentioned to someone associated with the official Ivory-bill search the need to better address criticism/skepticism that was emanating over the Web; I thought it was having a growing impact on the birding community (and others), and that various critiques/speculations ought be directly confronted.
I was told that my concern was overblown and the Web had little impact on what people thought about the IBWO claims... was told that when search principals traveled around the country giving talks they were never asked about the sorts of issues being raised on the internet; that such skepticism was barely on the public radar, and would quickly fade away.... so I was informed 4 years ago.
That was when I first realized that Cornell and others were living in their own bubble, so non-cognizant were they of the impact the internet could (and would) have. To this day, I'm not sure but that many of those principals don't still reside in a bubble of their own making, little realizing the degree of disappointment, cynicism, even indignation, that permeates much of the larger birding and science community, over the results and poor communication across 4+ years of study. That doesn't mean that there aren't many in the birding/science community who don't still believe the IBWO does or could persist; it just means a large segment of the audience, who expected better, were left frustrated by some of those in charge who's own competency through this venture might now be questioned (p.s: none of this is meant to be critical of the many volunteers and ground people/technicians who put in countless hours of monumental work to fulfill procedures/protocols as formulated).
For Cornell, USFW, the Nature Conservancy, I don't know if they understand yet the box they've put themselves in: if the Ivory-bill is never found and conclusively documented, doubts about the integrity/wisdom of this entire enterprise will linger (for some) years into the future; and if the species is found and documented (by an independent) that may speak even louder volumes about the (in)adequacy of those who headed up this particular effort (one would like to think they were the 'best and the brightest' with the most resources, but perhaps not). They have plowed a deep trench to now try to dig out from... even if in the end the answer is simply that the bird is so rare, and traversing through such vast tracts of fragmented wilderness, that documenting it conclusively requires even more time and resources than available.
I still believe the Ivory-bill may yet be documented, but if it is, one wonders if the officials who headed up the last 4 years are up to the task of its further study, management, and conservation --- should the Ivory-bill ever be found it's tempting to ponder whether it might not be time to let one of the major international bird/conservation groups, who routinely tackle such endeavors, take over the process (although there's too much money and publicity at stake for those invested to ever hand-off the project to others). Or... maybe the principals did as good a job as was humanly possible... and the bird just ain't there. But someone still has to convince me of that.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, August 07, 2009
-- More Tennessee/Pulliam --
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill Pulliam takes us into the weekend with his 3rd installment of a series --- this time recounting his "otherworldly, exhilarating, and disorienting" March '08 auditory encounter with repeated "BAMbam" sounds in western Tennessee:
http://bbill.blogspot.com/2009/08/down-rabbit-hole.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bill Pulliam takes us into the weekend with his 3rd installment of a series --- this time recounting his "otherworldly, exhilarating, and disorienting" March '08 auditory encounter with repeated "BAMbam" sounds in western Tennessee:
http://bbill.blogspot.com/2009/08/down-rabbit-hole.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thursday, August 06, 2009
-- Auburn Update --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geoff Hill's latest update from the Auburn effort in the Choctawhatchee region of the Florida Panhandle is up now HERE.
Needless to say, no luck during the '08-'09 season efforts which were largely based on the placement of newly-designed automatic cameras, which unfortunately continued to have a high (50%) failure rate (they are working on some tweaks that will hopefully improve that situation).
Dr. Hill reports at one point:
"In short, our experience over the past year indicates that ivorybills have moved out of the areas where we encountered them from 2005 to 2008. That’s as much as I can say with any confidence. There is no way to know whether the birds are in different areas in the Choctawhatchee Basin, different forests in the region, or dead."
And then adds more optimistically:
"I’m not pessimistic about the situation yet. We know almost nothing about the remnant population of ivorybills on the Florida panhandle. The few birds that were in the vicinities of Bruce Creek and Old Creek from 2005 to 2008 may simply be up or down the river (where we never venture) or in some beetle-killed stand of timber in the region. I have to assume that one of these months we will again detect them in the area that we monitor."
Hill will continue occasional scouting trips to the area and monitoring of automatic cameras, though his chief technician, Brian Rolek, has graduated and will be moving on. Hill reports he won't be posting any more updates at that particular website, but obviously if THE photo should arrive the news will be released to all.
Meanwhile, Mike Collins has commenced reporting for a new search season at the Pearl (La.) HERE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Geoff Hill's latest update from the Auburn effort in the Choctawhatchee region of the Florida Panhandle is up now HERE.
Needless to say, no luck during the '08-'09 season efforts which were largely based on the placement of newly-designed automatic cameras, which unfortunately continued to have a high (50%) failure rate (they are working on some tweaks that will hopefully improve that situation).
Dr. Hill reports at one point:
"In short, our experience over the past year indicates that ivorybills have moved out of the areas where we encountered them from 2005 to 2008. That’s as much as I can say with any confidence. There is no way to know whether the birds are in different areas in the Choctawhatchee Basin, different forests in the region, or dead."
And then adds more optimistically:
"I’m not pessimistic about the situation yet. We know almost nothing about the remnant population of ivorybills on the Florida panhandle. The few birds that were in the vicinities of Bruce Creek and Old Creek from 2005 to 2008 may simply be up or down the river (where we never venture) or in some beetle-killed stand of timber in the region. I have to assume that one of these months we will again detect them in the area that we monitor."
Hill will continue occasional scouting trips to the area and monitoring of automatic cameras, though his chief technician, Brian Rolek, has graduated and will be moving on. Hill reports he won't be posting any more updates at that particular website, but obviously if THE photo should arrive the news will be released to all.
Meanwhile, Mike Collins has commenced reporting for a new search season at the Pearl (La.) HERE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, August 04, 2009
-- Tennessee cont'd. --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
While the silence is deafening on most fronts, Bill Pulliam continues relating his account of IBWO searching in western Tenn. with another installment here:
http://bbill.blogspot.com/2009/08/down-to-delta.html
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
While the silence is deafening on most fronts, Bill Pulliam continues relating his account of IBWO searching in western Tenn. with another installment here:
http://bbill.blogspot.com/2009/08/down-to-delta.html
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, July 31, 2009
-- Tennessee... 'Hot Zone' ? --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-time interested party Bill Pulliam has begun posting some of his experiences searching for the Ivory-bill in Tennessee in recent times HERE.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-time interested party Bill Pulliam has begun posting some of his experiences searching for the Ivory-bill in Tennessee in recent times HERE.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, July 29, 2009
-- Pearl River Scenes --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mike Collins has posted some scenic (and other) photos from the Pearl River area he explores here:
http://www.fishcrow.com/gallery.html
(he expects to be back there in a couple weeks-or-so)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mike Collins has posted some scenic (and other) photos from the Pearl River area he explores here:
http://www.fishcrow.com/gallery.html
(he expects to be back there in a couple weeks-or-so)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday, July 25, 2009
-- Watching Grass Grow --
------------------------------------------------------------------
This weekend marks the 4th anniversary of the start of this blog... Time flies when you're having fun! After averaging almost 5 posts/wk. over that entire time, things seem sure to slow down heading into blog year #5. Things are sluggish, as well, over at the "IBWO Researchers Forum" for the time being.
Sessions/papers for the national AOU Meeting next month in Philadelphia are now posted on the Web, and also as expected, I see nothing directly related to Ivory-bills (one presentation relates to Pileated Woodpecker ecology in what could be IBWO habitat).
Bill Pulliam has promised over at his "Notes From Soggy Bottom" blog to begin reporting next month on some of the findings/experiences of those who searched western Tennessee for certain big black-and-white woodpeckers over the last two years. It would be interesting of course to hear directly from specific team participants in other key states, as well.
Mike Collins reports he is headed back to the Pearl "soon."
And, in general, still a lot of loose ends to tidy up, hopefully before summer is over and the winter season is again upon us.
------------------------------------------------------------------
This weekend marks the 4th anniversary of the start of this blog... Time flies when you're having fun! After averaging almost 5 posts/wk. over that entire time, things seem sure to slow down heading into blog year #5. Things are sluggish, as well, over at the "IBWO Researchers Forum" for the time being.
Sessions/papers for the national AOU Meeting next month in Philadelphia are now posted on the Web, and also as expected, I see nothing directly related to Ivory-bills (one presentation relates to Pileated Woodpecker ecology in what could be IBWO habitat).
Bill Pulliam has promised over at his "Notes From Soggy Bottom" blog to begin reporting next month on some of the findings/experiences of those who searched western Tennessee for certain big black-and-white woodpeckers over the last two years. It would be interesting of course to hear directly from specific team participants in other key states, as well.
Mike Collins reports he is headed back to the Pearl "soon."
And, in general, still a lot of loose ends to tidy up, hopefully before summer is over and the winter season is again upon us.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Friday, July 17, 2009
-- The Road Ahead? --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
First, to those who have sent along emails of 'thanks' and well-wishes... hey, this ain't no funeral, nor even a farewell! I expect to be blogging about the Ivory-bill for some time yet, just with fewer-and-farther-between posts. There remain reasons for hope and belief that a few individuals still inhabit southeastern corners. No reason to kid ourselves though... 'proof' of IBWO persistence isn't likely coming forth soon.
I don't much envy the powers-that-be who will be summarizing 4+ years worth of data/evidence. Obviously, they won't look back in retrospect and conclude it was a futile effort, but to the degree that they express optimism or positivity over the results they will be ridiculed in some quarters for spinning or finessing the information gathered. Unfortunately, they're in a bit of a lose-lose situation no matter what they conclude (at least in some circles), but there will be positives in their report.
I am most disappointed (as blogged before) that after 3 years of scouting out areas, year 4 did not produce an increase in the number of credible, detailed sightings (photos I can live without, but there ought be more quality sightings by now, one would expect) --- will be interested to see how many of this season's sighting claims Cornell deems worthy of inclusion in their final report.
Also, I hope in that final report they don't simply offer up another loose laundry list (as we've seen year after year) of "potential," "possible," "interesting" sites deserving further attention. Instead, for the few independent searchers who might make use of such info, I hope they will pinpoint with some specificity the 2-3 places that they think MOST warrant additional concentrated efforts based on totality of evidence gathered, claims, sound recordings, etc. (However, not confident they will do that --- there may be too much disagreement among team members over just which geographic sites are most promising... I suspect there are a lot of disagreements amongst 'recovery team' members!).
Finally, as much as I believe it's just one itsy bit of evidence in this whole long debate, and as much as we're all exhausted of viewing it, maybe still appropriate at this time to post again the video that in many ways convened this whole controversy (...view it and wonder about all the "if-only's"):
Addendum: Above YouTube video seems to have been removed, but can still be found from this Cornell link.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
First, to those who have sent along emails of 'thanks' and well-wishes... hey, this ain't no funeral, nor even a farewell! I expect to be blogging about the Ivory-bill for some time yet, just with fewer-and-farther-between posts. There remain reasons for hope and belief that a few individuals still inhabit southeastern corners. No reason to kid ourselves though... 'proof' of IBWO persistence isn't likely coming forth soon.
I don't much envy the powers-that-be who will be summarizing 4+ years worth of data/evidence. Obviously, they won't look back in retrospect and conclude it was a futile effort, but to the degree that they express optimism or positivity over the results they will be ridiculed in some quarters for spinning or finessing the information gathered. Unfortunately, they're in a bit of a lose-lose situation no matter what they conclude (at least in some circles), but there will be positives in their report.
I am most disappointed (as blogged before) that after 3 years of scouting out areas, year 4 did not produce an increase in the number of credible, detailed sightings (photos I can live without, but there ought be more quality sightings by now, one would expect) --- will be interested to see how many of this season's sighting claims Cornell deems worthy of inclusion in their final report.
Also, I hope in that final report they don't simply offer up another loose laundry list (as we've seen year after year) of "potential," "possible," "interesting" sites deserving further attention. Instead, for the few independent searchers who might make use of such info, I hope they will pinpoint with some specificity the 2-3 places that they think MOST warrant additional concentrated efforts based on totality of evidence gathered, claims, sound recordings, etc. (However, not confident they will do that --- there may be too much disagreement among team members over just which geographic sites are most promising... I suspect there are a lot of disagreements amongst 'recovery team' members!).
Finally, as much as I believe it's just one itsy bit of evidence in this whole long debate, and as much as we're all exhausted of viewing it, maybe still appropriate at this time to post again the video that in many ways convened this whole controversy (...view it and wonder about all the "if-only's"):
Addendum: Above YouTube video seems to have been removed, but can still be found from this Cornell link.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, July 15, 2009
-- Article Update --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article from the "Cornell Chronicle" summarizing the Ornithology Lab's conclusions to date --- nothing new for those who've been following the search all along. Although no further plans for future searching appear in the works, Cornell says it will stay "connected" to the effort and "engaged" in the process. A scholarly book on the entire effort is also likely in the offing at some point. Otherwise, the summer summary report for this season (whenever it appears) will likely be the last account we hear for awhile from official sources that offers additional details and findings.
Don't know of any specific IBWO material being scheduled for next month's national AOU meeting in Philadelphia (other than possibly some related studies on Pileated Woodpecker ecology in the Southeast).
Critics will no doubt see all of this as Cornell trying to tiptoe gracefully away from the story. Time will tell...
Again, it's difficult to imagine how any future sightings, without a carcass or crystal clear photo accompanying, will be taken seriously.
Reminds one a bit of the old line from the classic Peggy Lee song: "Is That All There Is?". . . . .
(...I do expect to be around here for at least one more year reporting whatever there is to report.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Article from the "Cornell Chronicle" summarizing the Ornithology Lab's conclusions to date --- nothing new for those who've been following the search all along. Although no further plans for future searching appear in the works, Cornell says it will stay "connected" to the effort and "engaged" in the process. A scholarly book on the entire effort is also likely in the offing at some point. Otherwise, the summer summary report for this season (whenever it appears) will likely be the last account we hear for awhile from official sources that offers additional details and findings.
Don't know of any specific IBWO material being scheduled for next month's national AOU meeting in Philadelphia (other than possibly some related studies on Pileated Woodpecker ecology in the Southeast).
Critics will no doubt see all of this as Cornell trying to tiptoe gracefully away from the story. Time will tell...
Again, it's difficult to imagine how any future sightings, without a carcass or crystal clear photo accompanying, will be taken seriously.
Reminds one a bit of the old line from the classic Peggy Lee song: "Is That All There Is?". . . . .
(...I do expect to be around here for at least one more year reporting whatever there is to report.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, July 08, 2009
-- Open Thread #5 --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indications are that "official" agencies will abandon most, if not all, searching for the Ivory-bill next season. One wonders how many independents will continue to have the motivation (not to mention time, energy, resources) to search if major entities throw in the towel. No doubt Bobby Harrison's IBWO Foundation will continue their efforts, as time permits, but will be interesting to see how many others do more than an occasional look-see effort. One can imagine that future sighting reports, unaccompanied by a photo, may receive almost no press or even birding attention.
No idea when I'll have something to post here again for the summer, so will just toss up another 'open thread' for now in the event that others have something they want to discuss....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indications are that "official" agencies will abandon most, if not all, searching for the Ivory-bill next season. One wonders how many independents will continue to have the motivation (not to mention time, energy, resources) to search if major entities throw in the towel. No doubt Bobby Harrison's IBWO Foundation will continue their efforts, as time permits, but will be interesting to see how many others do more than an occasional look-see effort. One can imagine that future sighting reports, unaccompanied by a photo, may receive almost no press or even birding attention.
No idea when I'll have something to post here again for the summer, so will just toss up another 'open thread' for now in the event that others have something they want to discuss....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sunday, July 05, 2009
-- Memory Lane --
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old 1936 "Natural History" magazine article reprinted online HERE covering the Arthur Allen Cornell expedition that recorded the pics/sounds of Singer Tract Ivory-billed Woodpeckers among other N. American targeted birds (IBWO material toward end of piece).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Old 1936 "Natural History" magazine article reprinted online HERE covering the Arthur Allen Cornell expedition that recorded the pics/sounds of Singer Tract Ivory-billed Woodpeckers among other N. American targeted birds (IBWO material toward end of piece).
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Saturday, July 04, 2009
-- "Dwindling" --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brief news article HERE on the dwindling IBWO interest in Arkansas, with Allan Mueller of the Arkansas Nature Conservancy confirming his organization currently has no plans for further searching next winter [Cornell Lab of Ornithology has likewise indicated the probability that they won't return to the Big Woods next season].
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brief news article HERE on the dwindling IBWO interest in Arkansas, with Allan Mueller of the Arkansas Nature Conservancy confirming his organization currently has no plans for further searching next winter [Cornell Lab of Ornithology has likewise indicated the probability that they won't return to the Big Woods next season].
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)